NOMENCLATURE or NAMING OF ORGANIC COMPOUNDS
Q A, B, C and D are four homologous series of organic compounds whose general formula can be represented as shown:
a. CnH2n+2
b. CnH2n
c. CnH2n+1OH
d. CnH2n+1CO2H
Name the homologous series represented by A,B AND C. Also, give the name and the structural formula of a typical member from series A and series B.
Ans
a.
(i) CnH2n+2 : Alkanes
(ii) CnH2n : Alkenes
(iii) CnH2n+1OH : Alcohols
(iv) CnH2n+1CO2H : Carboxylic acids
b.
CnH2n+2 : General formula of the homologous series of alkanes
Example Methane (CH4):
H
|
H ---- C ---- H
|
H
CnH2n : General formula of the homologous series of alkenes
Example Ethene (C2H4)
H H
| |
C = C
| |
H H
Q. Name the family, then draw the compound.
Ans
(a) 2- pentanol
Family - alcohols.
(b) 2,4, 5 - trimethyl 3-heptanone
Famiy - ketones
(c) 2, 3 diethyl pentanal
Family - aldehydes
(d) propanamide
Family - amtoes
(e) propyl pentanoate
Family
- Ester
(f) menthyl butyl pentyl amine
Family
- amines
Q. Draw formulas for the following compound
(a) 3,4,5-
tri methyl nonane
(b) 4 chloro - but-1-ene
(c) 3 - methy hexanal
(d) 3 bromopetanoic acid
(e) dimethyl ether
CH3 - O - CH3
(f) 1 - hexanol or hexan - 1- ol
(g) 2,3 dimethyl - 2- butanol
(h) propyl exhanoate
Q. Name the following compounds and tell what group they belong to:
(a)
Name:
5 - Ethyl -3, 3- dimethyl pentans
Group: Alkanes
(b)
Name: 2,3 - Dimethyl pentane
Group: Alkanes
(c)
Name: Bit -2 - yne
Group: Alkynes
(d)
Name: Methoxy elhane
Group: Ethers
(e)
Name: Butan -2 - ol
Group: Alcohols.
(f)
Name: Propanoic acid.
Group: Carboxylic acid.
(g)
CH3
- CH2 -NH2
Name: Ethanamine
Group: Amines
(h)
Name: Ethyl propanoate.
Group: Esters.
(i)
Name: propan -2 ol
Group: Alcohols.
(j)
Name: 2.3 - Dichloro butane
Group: Alkyl halides